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by Richard Millwood — published Nov 10, 2007 10:47 PM, last modified Jun 07, 2011 02:40 PM
Links to articles elsewhere on the internet.
ICT in Schools - Estimating the level of investment — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Peter Twining April 2002 This report provides evidence of the level of investment in ICT in primary and secondary schools in a range of countries around the world. The indicators of investment used include: the amount of money spent; the student to computer ratio; and the percentage of schools connected to the Internet. The main focus of the report is on England and the USA. For each of these countries data from a number of separate sources are compared. The report concludes that there has been a substantial level of investment in ICT in English schools over at least the last 20 years. This reflects the pattern in the USA and other ‘developed’ countries.
Bill Tagg and Hatfield’s Pioneer Initiative in School Computing — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Peter Excell. In 1963 the Head of the Hatfield School Mathematics Department, Mr W (Bill) Tagg, negotiated an arrangement whereby school pupils could have limited access an to Elliott 803 - the first computer installed by Hatfield College of Technology (later Hatfield Polytechnic and now the Hatfield campus of the University of Hertfordshire).
Richard Fothergill's Obituary in the Guardian — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
John Anderson and Michael Page 2004. 'Educationist who put computers in schools'
Logo in Mainstream Schools: the struggle over the soul of an educational innovation — by admin — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
This paper by Richard Noss et al looks into the place that Logo occupied within the institutional and organisational cultures of US and UK mainstream schools after its introduction in the early 1980s. It discusses the ways in which Logo was received in the educational arena and was implicated in the politics of educational innovation at a time of conservative restoration.
Effective Learning and Teaching in Scottish Secondary Schools: Computing Studies - Appendix: Historical Background — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
T N Gallacher HM Senior Chief Inspector of Schools 1992. This Appendix traces the development of computing in Scottish secondary schools from 1969 to 1992. While it identifies specific national initiatives, these depended for their success on a wide variety of activities undertaken throughout this time by education authorities, schools, teacher training institutions and, particularly, by a large number of individuals whose contributions should not be underestimated.
The Voices Project, Warwick University — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
A study into the experiences of teacher educators who have engaged with developing the use of ICT in school and teacher education. The aim was to give voice to the achievements and concerns of these teacher educators during the short history of ICT in school. In so doing the project aimed to: draw attention to initiatives which have been more successful than others and highlight the factors leading to their success, highlight particular difficulties associated with developing ICT, report on the factors which have provoked and sustained engagement with the development of ICT, examine the role of ITTE and other professional groups in supporting innovation with ICT, compare and contrast the present with the past ‘landscape’ regarding the use of ICT.
Educational Technology and Practice: Types and Timescales of Change — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
David Riley 2007. This article identifies three uses of educational technology and evaluates their potential to change curricula and pedagogic strategies. The article is in four parts, with the first outlining a temporal model of change and discussing educators’ expectations of continuities and discontinuities in practice. In order to distinguish minor modifications from culturally significant changes in practice, the second part recaps a variant of Merlin Donald’s cognitive-cultural theory of human evolution. The third part adopts this theoretical perspective and classifies uses of multimedia-hypertext systems, generic software, and computer modelling software, as instances of functional substitution, delegation and innovation. The fourth and final part of the article evaluates the change potential of these types of use, with substitution sustaining existing teaching strategies and curricula, with delegation modifying practice, and with innovation prompting culturally significant change. The article concludes by suggesting that functional substitution and delegation dominate present-day uses of technology and that functional innovation will continue to present both challenges and opportunities to future generations of educators.
New technology in higher education: understanding the innovation process — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Peter Goodyear 1998. This paper argues for a re-examination of our established ways of trying to understand ICT-based innovation in higher education. It suggests that a project-centered, rather than an environment-centered, approach to understanding innovative developments has obscured some key elements of what has been happening in higher education practice in recent years.
Computer Literacy in UK Education - an Evolving Strategy — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Gardner & McMullan 1990 – The quest for the best methods of providing computer/information technology literacy and competence for school pupils has taxed the British education system for almost three decades. This paper maps the various developments over this period and considers how the different viewpoints have contributed to the current position in which the conventional curricular subject, computer studies, is being actively discouraged as the prime vehicle for promoting information technology literacy.
Educational Computing - The View from a College, 1981 — by admin — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
John Gray 1981 - Colleagues at Blackpool & Fylde College in the early 1980s, Terry Cowham & Pat O'Connell in particular, were early into the exploration of how the new 'microcomputers' like the Research Machines 380Z and the 'PET' could be used. These devices were around in growing numbers by 1980 and there was a recognition that something quite significant was about to happen.
Computing In Fife Schools: An Investigation into Computing Provision — by admin — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Kevin Thompson's 1989 dissertation traces the development of computing in the secondary sector and then takes an in-depth look at the current provision in one Scottish Region - Fife. All the state secondary schools in the region were asked to provide a variety of information about their computer facilities including the extent of hardware provision, the promoted post structure and cross-curricular computer use. A comparison is then made with Fife's own predictions published in 1984 and also with the 'National Plan' - a national prediction published in 1985.
Lessons to be learned from the failure of the UK e-University — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Paul Bacsich 2005. The UK’s attempt to develop a global e-university ended in public failure in 2004. The main focus of this paper is to exploit the failure as a case study to update the literature on ‘critical success factors’ for virtual universities and so provide lessons for e-universities worldwide. However, since much of the public comment was superficial or ill-informed, it is also inevitably in part a critique of the public view. Although several alleged reasons for failure were incorrect or specific to the era, some of the real reasons still have much relevance to the worldwide scene.
Constructing vocational education: from TVEI to GNVQ — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
David Yeomans 1996 This paper draws upon two major ESRC-funded projects, a medium term study of the impact of TVEI and a study of the construction of the GNVQ curriculum as well as several smaller research and evaluation projects concerned with TVEI and GNVQs. The paper compares TVEI and GNVQ and draws out some of the similarities and differences. It will focus upon the different policy and implementation frameworks provided by the two programmes and the implications of these differences for practice.
Evaluation of the Technical and Vocational Education Initiative (TVEI) Extension (in Scotland) — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
Jim Doherty with Tracey Leven 1998 - An evaluation of the TVEI Extension to take a national overview, commissioned by the Scottish Office Education and Industry Department (SOEID) in 1996.
The Voices Project — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
What do our past experiences of using ICT for teaching and learning tell us? A project to look into into the experiences of teacher educators who have engaged with developing the use of ICT in school and teacher education and to give voice to the achievements and concerns of these colleagues during the short history of ICT in school.
The BBC Domesday Project - November 1986 — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
A web site about the project and its subsequent preservation challenges created by Andy Finney
The Camileon Project to rescue BBC Domesday — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
The CAMiLEON Project is developing and evaluating a range of technical strategies for the long term preservation of digital materials. A key proof of concept case study for CAMiLEON is the rescue of BBC Domesday and the implementation of an emulation strategy to preserve this remarkable but fragile digital resource. These pages provide a description their work with BBC Domesday
BBC's Tomorrow's World presents Nellie - a computer set to revolutionise the classroom. — by Richard Millwood — last modified Apr 05, 2011 10:42 PM
The BBC's Tomorrow's World, 1969. "While many pupils might wish they could hand their schoolwork over to a computer, the boys of Forest Grammar School have turned a computer into schoolwork. Dubbed Nellie, the machine can be programmed to solve mathematical equations or even play music. Lessons also include computer maintenance - something of a necessity, considering the likelihood of Nellie crashing..."
A Short History Off-line — by Richard Millwood — last modified Feb 24, 2012 03:49 PM
Richard Millwood has produced a thorough history of the developments of hardware from the teletype to the smartphone and of software from punched card input to LOGO to cloud computing. Graphic displays, office productivity tools, interactive multimedia and social networking are considered in the context of the educational imperatives of the time and the development of communication and creativity among learners in each decade since the 1970s. The article looks at the implications of the way that technologies and pedagogies have interacted in the past to focus ideas for the educational technology of the future.
Understanding the past – illuminating the future — by Richard Millwood — last modified Oct 10, 2018 11:48 PM
This is the report of a project funded by the British Educational Communications and Technology Research Agency (Becta) to identify the key – but forgotten - ICT research projects in the UK between 1980 and 1999 and review the contribution that these projects can make in informing the current Becta research agenda and making future research more efficient.
Education, society and technology in the 1980s — by admin — last modified Jun 30, 2012 01:23 AM
An article from 1980 written by Geoffrey Hubbard, Director, Council for Educational Technology